Ast of making varnish



v March 25, 1924.

A. MURRAY ART OF MAKING VARNISH Filed Aug. 12 1921 3 Sheets--Sheet- 1 i ll INVENTOR ATTORNEYS March. 25 1924.

- 1,488,274 A. MURRAY ART OF MAKING VARNlSH Filed ug. 12, 1 1 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR ATTORNEYS March 25, 1924.

1 1,488,274 A. MURRAY ART OF MAKING VARNISH Filed Aug. 12 1921 v I 3 Sheets-Sheef, 5

l NVENTOR Patented Mar. 2 5,192 4.

NITED STATES ALEXANDER MURRAY, OF SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS.

and: or MAKING vanmsn.

Application filed August 12,- 1921. Serial No. 491,772.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALEXANDER MURRAY,

a subject of the King of Great Britain, re-

siding at Springfield, in the county of Hampden and State of Massachusetts, have invented new and useful. Improvements in the Art of Making Varnish, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to the art of making varnish and more particularly to the manufacture of tung varnishes in which China wood oil is combined with resins which are easily fused such, for example, as

common rosin or dammar.

Tung varnishes are ordinarily produced by mixing common rosin and China wood 011, heating the mixture to a high temperature and then diluting it with solvents. Usually the rosin is first treated by combining it with lime or glycerine to neutralize the acid and harden the rosin. Then the China wood oil is added and. the mixture heated to a temperature of 400fto 550 F., for varying lengths of time, then cooled down to a temperature of 350 to 400 F., after which the diluent or solvent is added. The mixture is then clarified and pumped into a storage tank. The practice of the above described method involves the use of cumbersome ap paratus and the expenditure of an amount of time and labor, entirely disproportionate to the quantity of the product obtained, and consequently the costof production is high.

One of the objects of the present invention is to provide an improved method of producing varnish which may be carried on conin time, labor an tinuously, thereb efi'ectmg a great saving material.

Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for the continuous manufacture of varnish.

To the' accomplishment of these objects and such others as will hereinafter appear, the invention consists in the process and apparatus hereinafter. described and claimed,

' the advantages of which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. j

' The invention will be best understood from the following description taken in connection withthe accompanying drawingsillustrating an apparatusconstructed in accordance therewit In the drawings Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view of the entire apparatus in what is at present considered to be its preferred form;

Fig. 2 is a lon 'tudinal sectional view of the cooking ta parts; and.

Fig. 3 is a detail tion of the cookin In the illustrate resin, such as common rosin is mixed with lime and preheated until the rosin is melted.

V The melted rosin, together with the lime, is then introduced into one end of a cooking receptacle or tank 5. The cooking tank is constructed with a plurality of transverse partitions arranged to provide a long tortuous passage through which the substances to be treated are caused to flow in a slowly moving continuous stream while they are being heated or cooked. As the melted rosin, and the lime carried thereby, flows slowly through. the tortuous passage at the perspective view of a portank and certain associated apparatus, a pulverized I receiving end of the cooking tank, the temperature of the moving mass is maintained at, say 450 to 550 F. for a substantial period of time during which the lime chemically combines with the rosin, the reaction being mechanically assisted by means of suitable agitators in the cooking tank which thoroughly stir up the mixture. At the expiration of this heating period, the flow of the rosin has progressed through somewhat less than one third the length of the tank 5. At this point in its flow, a preheated drying oil such as China wood oil is introduced into the stream of heated and chemically combined rosin and lime. As the rosin and oil flow onward through the tortuous passa e of the cooking tank they become thorough y intermixed and cooked so as to roduce a .so-called varnish body or base. Before leaving the cooking tank the varnish body is cooled to a sufficiently low temperature to enable the thinning or blending o eration' to take place. For this purpose, t e varnish body passes into a blending chamber 6 where a suitable solvent such as benzine is added,

to dilute the varnish body to the desired consistency, the blending operation being facilitated by a suitable agitator in the blending chamber. The varnish thus pro- 'duced is then clarified by means of a centrifugal clarifier 7 from which it is drawn off by a pump 8 and delivered by the latter into the storage tank 9;

In themanufacture of varnish, as above described, the varnish. materials are continuously supplied at difierent points throughout the length of the apparatus so as to provide for a continuous flow through the apparatus of the materials being treated. Thus, although many of the steps of the process occur progressively as the substance acted upon flows through the apparatus, all

of these steps are continuous and are being concurrently performed at different points along the path of movement of the slowly flowing stream of material.

To provide the desired tortuous passage through the cooking tank for the varnish materials, a series of vertically disposed .artitions, alternately designated at 10 an 11 in Fig. 2, extend transversely across the tank. The partitions 10 are positioned with their lower ends somewhat above the floor of the tank, thus providing the ports 12 through which fluid may flow from one side of said partitions to the other. The partitions l1 fa ll short of extending to the top wall of the tank so that the fluid in the tank may flow :over the top edges thereof into the sections? of the tortuous passage which are fornied between said partitions and the partitiohs 10 immediately in advance thereof. Thefpartitions 11 also fail to reach the. top wall of the tank but they rise somewhat higher than the partitions 10 to prevent passa i'e of the fluid across the top edges thereof. In' order to cause a flow by gravity of the liquid from one end of the tank to the other, the. tank is inclined downwardly toward the rea r or delivery end thereof. \Vith the above described construction and arrangement of the portions of the tank, a continuous tortuous passage is provided throughout the length of the tank. The flow of the varnish material is continuous through this passage, the liquid flowing downwardly through the passage sections at the left of each. partition 10, through the ports 12, then upwardly through the passage sections at the right of each partition 10 and then over the top edges of said partitions {and down on the advance sides thereof.

The heating of the rosin and lime, within the cooking tank 5, and the initial cooking of the varnish body are effected by the continuous application of heat to the exterior of the cooking tank. This heating of the rosin and lime may continue throughout a period of approximately half an hour while the initial cooking of the varnish body may continue from, say 20 to 40 minutes. At the expiration of the initial cooking period, the varnish body reaches a point substan tially at the middle of the tortuous passage through the cooking tank. Throughout the remainder of its progress through the cooking tank there is no further external application of heat to the varnish body and the cooking process is continued solely by the action of the heat retained Within the sub stance being cooked, the radiation of heat therefrom being prevented by suitable insulation of the walls of the cooking tank as .indicated in a; conventional manner in Fig. 2. All flues and conduits through which heated material is permitted to pass, are also insulated in a well known manner, but it is'not considered necessary to indicate such insulation in the drawings.

g It will be apparent from the above description that three distinct operations are carried out in the cooking tank, first the heating and stirring of the rosin to cause it to combine with the lime: second. the cooking of the intermingled rosin and the drying oil to produce the varnish body; and, third, the cooling of the varnish body preparatory to introducing it into the blending tank. The cooking operation is divisible into two stages, first. the cooking by the application of external heat, and second, the cooking by means of the heat retained within the substance being cooked, the latter stage being similar to the ordinary tireless cooker process. For convenience of description, therefore, the cooking tank may be regarded as consisting of the following sections; first, the section 13 (Figl 2) in which the rosin is heated; second, the section 14 in which the cooking of the varnish body is started by the external application of heat; third, the section 15 in which the cooking operation is completed by the heat retained within the varnish body; and fourth, the section 16 where the varnish body is finally cooled.

Heat is externally applied to the cooking tank 5 from any suitable source such as a gas, oil, coal, or coke burner. In the illustrated apparatns, an oil burner is indicated at 17, the burner being installed in a heating chamber 18 and fed through a supply pipe 19. The heated gases from the chamber 18 are led through. a flue 20 to a heating jacket 22 which encloses the two opposite sides and the bottom of the section 14 of the cooking tank. The heating jacket 22 (Fig.

3) is divided by a series of partitions 23 to provide. a plurality of U-shaped passages 24 which are arranged side-by-side toentirely surround the bottom and the opposite sides of the cooking tank section 14. The heated gases pass from the flue 20 into the upper portion of one of the U-shaped jacket passages 24: at one side of the cooking tank. As best shown in Fig. 3, the several passages 23 are successively interconnected by means of ports 25, these ports being located at the upper ends of the passages and the ports in adjacent passages being arranged at opposite sides of the tank. By this arrangement the gases are conveyed in a tortuous path winding back and forth from one side of the tank to the other to produce a continuous flow from the flue 20 to the rear end of the jacket 22.

After reaching the rear extremity of the tortuous passage through the heating jacket 1 jacket 28 being established through a short pipe 27. The jacket 28 is 'inde ndent f the jacket 22 and is subdivided y a por-' tion 29 into two U-shaped sections or pas-- sages 30 which together surround the hottom, the opposite sides, and the front end-I of the section 13 of the cooking tank. The

pipe 27, leading from the conduit 26, o ens into the upper end of the rearmost o the passages 30 atone side of the tank while the upper end of said passage, at the opposite side of the tank, communicates through a port 31 with the adjacent or end passage 30. From the end passage 30 the gases, which are still hot, pass outwardly and upwardly through a conduit 33 and thence through a jacket 34 where they serve to melt the rosin prior to its introduction into the cooking tank. At the front end of the cooking tank, an inclined U-shaped partition 35 is located near the outlet conduit 33 and partially blocks the passage 30. The partition 35 deflects the current of outgoing gas so as to prevent the trapping of gas in theupper portion of said passage. From the jacket 34 the gases pass-into a flue 37 communicating with an exhaust flue 38 (Fig. 1). The gases are drawn through the above described system of flues and heating chambers by forced draft produced by a centrifugal fan 40 that is located in the upper portion of the exhaust flue 38. r

When the gases reach the heating jacket 28, which surrounds the front end of the cooking tank, more or less heat has been abstracted therefrom. In order to provide for the application of a sufiicient amount of heat to the front end of the cooking tank to in: sure the proper heating of the resin, provision is made for discharging an-additional supply of-hot gas into t 28 through an auxiliary flue 42 which leads directly from the heating chamber 18 to the pipe 27 through which the gas may pass into the heating jacket 28. t

To provide for an even maintenance of the reguired degree of temperature in the heating jacket 22, provision is madefor automatically incre or the intensity of the heat in the chamber 18. To this end, a thermostat 44 projects into the section 14 of the cooking tank and said thermostat is arranged to control a valve 45 controlling the flow of the fuel oil through the supply vpipe v19 to theburner 17. In this waythe intensity of the source of heat may be varied according to the requirements in the jacket 22.

A similar revision is made for regulating the supp y "of additional heat through i the fiue'42 to the jacket 28. For this purpose e heating jacket a by-pass 46 from theauxiliary flue 42 at the point where said flue enters the jacket 28, the'by'-pass extending above the cooking tank and being connected with the exhaust flue 38. r A valve 47 is provided in the bypass 46 and a thermostat 48 is projected into the section 13 of the coo tank and'is connected to control said va ve. Thus, if

the temperature of the substance within the section 13 of thecooking tank falls below a predetermined degree .the thermostat 48 will operate to close the valve 47 and check the passage of the gas through the by-pass 46 so that a" greater amount of it will enter the heating jacket 28. "If, on the other hand the temperature in the section 28 of the cooking tank rises above a-predetermined degree,

the valve47 will be opened by the action of the thermostat 48,- thus permitting more'gas to flow through the byass 46, with the result that less gas wi enter the heating jacket 28. In this way a constant temperature at a requireddegree may be automatically maintained in the heating jacket 28.

The pulverized rosin, together with the necessary amount of lime, is deposited in a hopper 50, the supply being replenished from time to time as occasion requires. The rosin is fed from the bottom of the hopper 50, through a downwardly inclined tube 51,

by means of a screw-conveyer 52 rotatably mounted within the tube 51 and rovided with a pulley 53 by. means of whic it may be driven. The conveyor tube 51 extends through the heating jacket 34 hereinbefore referred to and the rosin is preheated during its passage through said tube so that it is melted by the time it reaches the lower end thereof. The melted rosin is discharged from the tube 51 through a nozzle 54 into the front end of the section 13 of the cooking tank 5, and at the top of the latter.

After .the melted rosin has reached the cooking tank it flows slowly through the section 13, passing downward and upward through the tortuous passage therein. During its flow through the section 13, the lime contained within the rosin combines chemically with the molten rosin, the reaction between the lime and rosin being mechanically brought about by the heat and the stirring action of the two agitator devices 57, the latter comprising rapidly rotating blades which are located near the bottom i the tank. As shown, the agitator blades are carried at the lower ends of verti al stems 58 which are journaled at their pper ends' The present apparatus is adapted to permit the use of glycerine instead of lime for neutralizing the rosin. In using glycerine,

itis introduced into the section 13 of the cooking tank through an inlet pipe 60 which extends nearly to the bottom of .the tank and delivers the glycerine directly into the field of operations of the first agitator device 57.

The China wood oil, or other drying oil, is intermixed with the'rosin as the latter flows into the section 14 of the cooking tank where the initial cooking operation takes place. The drying oil is supplied from a reservoir 6 2 and feeds by gravity from the bottom of the reservoir through a conduit which conveys itto the cooking tank. To insure the feeding of the oil at a constant pressure irrespective of variations of the liquid level in the reservoir 64, a suitable float valve 66 is provided, the latter havin a float chamber 67 in which a constant leve of the oil is maintained. From the float chamber 67, the drying oil is led by the conduit 65 through a meter 68 and thence through a heating chamber 69, in which the oil is preheated, said chamber being formed by an enlargement of the exhaust flue 38, and the oil conduit extending through said chamber in the form of a coil 70. From the coil 70, the preheated oil is led through a continuation of the conduit 65 to a union 71 where a conduit 72 of smaller capacity than the conduit 65 leads from the latter conduit to a coil 73 in the section 16 of the cooking tank. As shown in Fig. 2, the convolutions.

' temperature to permit the blending or thinning operation to take place without raising the temperature of the diluent or solvent above the boiling point of the latter with the resulting loss of the solvent through vaporization. In passing through the coil 73, the ten'iperature of the oil is raised somewhat by the heat extracted from the varnish base and .the-oilis now at the proper t-en'iperature for mixing with the rosin. After leaving the coil 73.the oil passes through a continuation j of the conduit 72,.through a valve 75, and

thence forwardly throlgh said conduit above l' th'etop of the cookingtank. Above the section 14 of the cooking tank, the conduit 72 is bent downwardly at 76 and delivers its oil into the front'end of saidsection.

' The temperature of the varnish body prior "lto the thinning operationds determined, as

, "1" above explained, by the cooling coil 73 and. this temperatmeds automatically regulated by the valve which controls the flow of oil through said coil. To this end, the valve 75 is adapted to be operated by a thermostat 77 which projects into the section 16 of the cooking tank. To provide forthe delivery of a constant volume of oil to the cooking tank irrespective of variations inthe flow of oil through the coil 73, a by-pass 78 connects the conduit 72 with the conduit 65, the by-pass connecting with the latter at the union 71. A manually operable valve 79 controls the flow through the by-pass 78,

supplementing the supply of oil from the I conduit 72 to a greater or. less'extent as may be required.

As the varnish materials flow through the cooking tank, fumes and vapors arise therefrom into the space between the stepped liquid levels and the top of the tank. The vapors arising from the rosin in the section 13 of the tank contain more or less steam, whereas the fumes arising from the liquid throughout the rest of the tank are free from steam or water vapor. To prevent the steam from intermixing with the other vapors when the latter are drawn off at the delivery end of the tank, as will be hereinafterexplained, the vapor space at the top of the tank is divided into two separated V chambers or passages 82 and 84 by means of a partition 85 which extends downwardly from the top of the tank to a point below the liquid level. The steam and other vapors in the chamber 82 are permitted to pass off through an outlet flue 86 leading from the chamber 82. The fumes which collect in the chamber or passage 84.- are exhausted therefrom through a flue 88 the latter leading from an extension 89 of the chamber 84 and being connected with the flue 38 above the fan 40. I

The varnish body, after being cooled by the oil in the coil 73 to the proper temperature for-contact with the solvent, flows downward through a short pipe 90 and discharges therefrom into the top of the blending tank 6. The benzine or other solvent is continuously supplied to the top of the tank by means of a conduit 92 leading from a supply reservoir 93. The solvent feeds by gravity from the reservoir 93 to'the blending tank. To insure the delivery of the solvent at a .constant pressure, irrespective of variations of liquid level in the reservoir 93, there is provided in the conduit 92, a float valve 94, the latter being similar in construction and mode of operation to that of the float valve 66 already-described. A meter 95 is also provided in the conduit 92 to indicate and record the quantity of solvent flowing through the conduit.

The varnish body and the solvent are intermixed by the action of the agitator blades 96 so as to thoroughly incorporate the solvent into the varnish body. The agitator blades are located at. the bottom of the blending tank, and are carriedat the lower end of a vertical stem 97 which may be journaled m the top of the tank and rotated in any suitable manner as by means of a pulley 98 carried by a driving shaft 99 that is geared to the stem 97.

The vapor produced by the admixture ofthe varnish bod and pipe 90 into the blending tank so that there is practically no loss of the solvent through vaporization.

Inasmuch as the steam which 'is produced at the front end of the cooking tank is prevented from passing into the flue 88 with the other fumes from the cooking tank, there is no possibility that water of condensation will be introduced into the blending tank.

From the blending tank, the varnish produced by the thinning of the varnish body is lead through a conduit 100 to the centrifugal clarifier 7 which maybe of any well known commercial construction. After being clarified, the varnish is drawn from the clarifier through a pipe 101 by-j 'means of the pump. 8 which forces the varnish upwardly through a pipe 102 and finallyl delivers it to the storage tank 9. 'jj -ij f The practice of the process herein set forth and the use of the apparatus above described results in the continuous manufacture of varnish. Thus, although the various steps of the process occur progressively and in the proper sequence, relatively to any particular portion of the stream of varnish materials, all the steps nevertheless takev place concurrently and continuously throughout the operation of the apparatus employed. Consequently no portions of the apparatus are at any time idle and a maximum yield is obtained. .The initial cost of installation is very low in proportionate the quantity of the product produced, the illustrated apparatus bein' capable of producing a quantity of varnish equal to that roduced by an ordinary six fire varnish p ant.

The above described provision for the distribution of heat to the difi'erent parts of heating jackets surrounding the cooking tank efiects the conservation of heat, while the recovery of the solvent by condensation of its vapors, efi'ects a'mfurlther economy in the operation of the device. Preferably, the cooking tank is constructed partly or wholly of'aluminum, glass or silicawhich have been found-to insure the cooking of the varnish materials substantially, if not entirely, without discoloration. The product is further msure dpaleness of the by cooking the rosin in a chamber from which air is excluded. Furthermore by reason of the fact that there is no possibility of flame coming in contact with the varnish material or fumes at any point in the travel of the latter, ther e is absolutely no fire risk attendantupon the operation of the illustrated apparatus whereas in the forms of apparatus ordinarily employed the fire risk 'is high.

In operation, all of the steps except the replenishment of the supply receptacle being automatic, a great saving of time and labor is effected. The proper temperature in the difi'erent parts of the cooking tank is automatically maintained by controlling the flow of the fuel oil through the supply pipe 19 and the rate of flow of the heated gases through the by-pass 46. The rate of flow of the drying oil is also automatically regulated to control its rate of delivery to the-cooking tank as well as to control the temperature of the varnish body as it leaves the cooking tank by controlling quantity of oil flowing through the cooling coil. Thus very little supervision of the process is necessary.

The improved process having been explained in connection with a description of the apparatus by means of which it is practiced, what is claimed as new is:

1. The method of making varnish which ducing a varnish body, and thinning the varnish body.

2. The method of making varnish which comprises intermixing a resin and a drying oil. and passing the mixture through a conduit, cooking the mixture as it passes through said conduit to produce a varnish body, cooling the varnish body before it leaves said conduit, and then diluting the varnish body with a solvent.

3. The method of making varnish which comprises preheating a resin and a drying oil, intermixing the preheatedmaterials and passing them through a conduit, applying heat to the mixture in the conduit to cook it as it passes therethrough thereby producing a varnish body, and thereafter thlnnmg the varnish body.

4. The method of making a varnish body which comprises intermixing a resin and a comprises; passing a resin together with a neutralizing agent through a conduit,heating and a itatlng said materials as they pass throng a portion of the conduit to bring about a reaction between them, mtroducing drying oil, .passing the mixture through an a drying oil into said conduit at a point in advance of said potion and causing it to pass through the rest of the conduit togetherwith the other material therein, cooking the'oil and the combined resin and neutralizing agent as said materials pass through the conduit thereby producing a varnish body, and diluting the varnish body.

6. The method of making varnish which comprises passing a quantity of varnish body through a conduit, cooking the varnish body adjacent the entrance end of said conduit by the application of heat thereto, continuing the cooking operation by preventing the radiation of heat r'rom the varnish body as the latter continues to flow through the conduit, and diluting the cooked varnish body with a solvent.

7. The method of making varnish which comprises passing a quantity of varnish body through a conduit, cooking the varnish body adjacent the entrance end of said conduit by the application of heat, continuing the cookin operation by preventing the radiation of heat from the varnish body as the latter continues to flow through the conduit, cooling the moving current ofvarnish body, and thereafter diluting the varnish body with a solvent.

8. The method of making varnish which comprises introducing a melted resin together with aneutralizing agent into a conduit through which material may flow by gravity, and continuously during the passage of said material through the conduit, supplying a drying oil to the conduit, heating the conduit to cook the substance therein so as to convert it into a varnish body, and collecting the varnish bod; as it is continuously discharged from said conduit.

9. The method of making varnish which comprises introducing ,"a melted resin together with a neutralizing agent into a conduit through which the mixture may flow by gravity, and continuously during the passage of' the second mixture through the conduit heating said mixture to facilitate reaction between'the elements thereof, supplying drying oil to said conduit to interinix with said substance after the latter has been heated therein; cooking the mixture thus obtained to produce a varnish body, and collecting the varnish body as it is continuously discharged from said conduit.

10. The method of making varnish which comprises introducing a continuous supply of melted resin together with a neutralizing agent into a conduit through which the mixture may flow by gravity, and continuously during the flow of said mixture through'the conduit to cook the substance therein so as to produce a varnish body, and collecting the varnish body as it is continuously discharged from said conduit.

11. The method of making varnish which comprises continuously introducing a melted resin together with a neutralizing agent into a conduit through which the mixture may flow by gravity, and continuously during the flow of said mixture through the con duit supplying a drying oil to the conduit, heating the conduit to cook the substance therein so as to produce a varnish body, and thinning the cooked substance with a solvent as it is discharged from said conduit to produce varnish of a desired consistency.

12. The method of making varnish which comprises continuously introducing a melted resin together with a neutralizing agent into a conduit through which the mixture may flow by gravity, and continuously during the flow of the mixture through said conduit supplying a drying oil to the conduit, heating the conduit to cook the substance therein so as to produce a varnish body, thinning the cooked substance with a solvent as it is discharged from said conduit to produce varnish of a desired consistency, clarifying the varnish after it has been thinned, and delivering it into a storage tank.

13. v The method of making varnish which consists in preliminarily heating a drying oil capable of being combined with a resin to produce a varnish body, preliminarily melting a supply of said resiiutliereafter interinixing said oil with resin from said supply, cooking the mixture to produce a var- J nish body, cooling the cooked varnish body, 7

elor'rgatedv conduit for the passage t-herethrough of a varnish body, means for applying heat externally to the walls of said conduit throughout a portion of its length to initiate the cooking of the varnish body, and means for preventing the radiation of heat from the varnish body during its pas-- sage through the remainder of said conduit so that the cooking will be completed by the heat retained within the varnish body itself.

15. An apparatus for the manufacture of varnish comprising a cooking receptacle having an elongated passage therein through which a stream of varnish body may flow by gravity, means for applying heat externally to the Walls of said passage to partially cook the varnish body, and means for completing the cooking operation consisting of an insulated continuation of said duce a varnish body, means for applying.

passage through whichythe varnish bodyilpay continue to flow without radiation of cat.

16. In an apparatus for making fvarnish from varnish body, the combination Llof: a receptacle in which varnish body iscooked, the receptacle having a tortuous assa e therein through which the varnis y;-

may flow, means for supplying resin and drying oil to the cooking receptacle to pro heat directly to said receptacle adjacent the entrance end of said passage for the pur- 5 pose of cooking the varnish body, and means "for insulating the remainder of said receptacle to prevent the radiation of heat therefrom so that the cooking process will be continued as the varnish body flows through the remainder of said passage.

. 17. An apparatus for the continuous roduction of varnish comprising a coo 'ng tank, means for continuously supplying resin and drying oil to said tank, means for preheating the. resin and the oil and for cooking the mixture in the tank to produce a varnish body, and means for thinning the varnish body with a solvent.

18. An apparatus for the continuous production of varnish comprising a cooking $9 tank, means for continuously supplying resin and drying oil to said tank, means for preheating the resin and oil and for cookmg the mixture in the tank to produce a varnish body, means for cooling the varnish body, and means for thinning the varnish body with a solvent.

19. An apparatus for the continuous production of varnish comprising a cooking tank, means for continuously supplying resin and drying oil to said tank, means for preheating the resin and oil and for cookvingthe mixture in the tank to produce a ..;varnish body, means forcooling the varnish body, and means for thinning the varnish body with a solvent, and means for clarityingthe product and pumping it to a storage t& Tl I 20. An apparatus for the continuous production of varnish, comprising anelongated 1 cooking tank through which liquids may flow by gravity, means for continuously sup plying pulverized rosin mixed with lime to one end of the tank, means for continuously supplying drying oil to the tank at a oint intermediate at its ends, means for me ting the rosin before enter" the tank and for heating the substance within the tank as it flows therethrough, and Ineans-iorcooling said substance before-it leaves the tank. 21. An apparatus for. the-continuous pro duction of varnish, comprisingan elongated cooking tank through which liquids flow by gravity, means for continuously sup plying pulverized rosin mixed with lime to one end of the tank, means forcontinuously' taining thedryingoil may feed'by'gravlty to the. cooking tank,'means for supplying heat to *said conveyer, oil conduit and cooking tank,

supplying drying il to the tank at a point intermediate at its ends, means for melting the resin before enterin the tank and for heating the substance within the tank as it flows therethrough, means for agitating the Irosin and lime to assist reaction between them before it reaches the oil, and means 221*"Anapparatus for the continuous pro- .duction ;,o- -;yarnish comprising a cooking tank,;ameans' "for continuously supplying .for thinning said substance with a solvent after it leaves the tank.

meltediresin and preheated drying oil to i said tank, means'for cooking the mixture in said tank to produce varnish body, means for cooling varnish body by causing the drying oil to flow in proximity thereto before entering the interior of the tank, means for thinning the varnish body with a solvent after it has been cooled.

23. An apparatus for the continuous production of varnish comprising a cooking tank, means for supplying resin to the tank, a reservoir contain drying oil, a conduit for conducting the 011 from the reservoir to the tank, means for causing the oil to be delivered to the tank at a constant pressure irrespective ofchanges of liquid level w1thin the supply tank, means for heating the tank to cook the mixture therein, and means for thinning the substanceafter it has has cooked. r.

24:. An apparatus for, the continuous production of varnish comprising a cook-' for said by-pass for regulatingthe delivery of oil to the tank.

25. An apparatus for the continuous manufacture of varnish comprising-a hopper for receiving the powdered resin together with a neutralizing agent, a conveyer for cont-inuously feeding the resin and the neutraliz ng. agent from the hopper, an elongated cook ng tank into which the resin and neutrahzmg agent may flow by gravity, a reservoir co1idrying oil, a conduit through which to preheat the resin and. the oil and to cook the contents of the tank,an agitator in the cooking tankformechanimll assisting reaction'between the resin an neutralizing agent, and means for thinningv the material means for continuously supplying a solvent to the blending tank, and means for continuously drawing off the product from the blending tank. v

27. An apparatus for the continuous production of varnish, comprising a cooking tank, means for continuously internuxing resin, a neutralizing agent and a dr ing oil and heating the same within the coo ing tank to produce varnish body, a blending tank arranged to continuously receive the varnish body from the cooking tank, means for continuously supplying a solvent to the blending tank, and an agitator in the blending tank for assisting blending operation.

28. An apparatus for the continuous production of varnish, comprising a cooking tank, means for continuously intermixing resin, a neutralizing agent and a drying oil and heating the same within the cooking tank to produce a. varnish body, a blending tank arranged to continuously receive the varnish body frbm the cooking tank, means for continuously supplfying a solvent to the blending tank, means the vapors arising from the blending tank and returning the liquid of condensation to the tank.

29. An apparatus for the continuous manufacture of varnish comprising an elonated tank through which a liquid may flow hy gravity, a tank for receiving blending liquid from the cooking tank, means for continuously supplying resin and drying oil to the cooking tank, a vapor chamber above the liquid in said tank, and a flue for exhausting vapor from the cooking tank and from the blending tank.

30. An apparatus for the continuous production of varnish, comprising an elongated 'cooking tank throu h which a liquid 'may flow by gravity, a b ending tank for receiving the liquid from the cooking tank, means for introducing resin into one end of the tank, means-for supplying dryingoil at an intermediate point in the tank, a vapor chamber above the liquid level in the cook: ing tank between the points of introduction of the resin and oil, an exhaust flue for the vapor in said chamber, an in ependent vapor chamber above the liquid/level of the rest of the tank, and a flue for drawing-oil .the vapor from said last mentioned vapor cham her and from theiblending chamber.

31. An apparatus for'themanufacture of or condensing varnish comprising a cooking vessel constructed and arranged to provide an elongated tortuous passage therethrough, means for introducing melted resin together with a neutralizing agent into one end of said passage, means for introducin a drying oil at a point further advanced in said passage, a heating jacket surrounding a portion of said passage, means for supplying heat to said jacket to cook the substance in said passage, and means within the jacket for effecting an even distribution of heat throughout the jacket space. I 32. An apparatus for the manufacture of varnish comprising a' cooking vessel constructed and arranged to provide an elongated tortuous passage therethrough, means for introducing melted resin together with a neutralizing agent into one end of said passage, means for introducing a drying oil at a point further advanced in said passage, a heating jacket around the portion of said passage between the points'of introduction of the resin and the oil, a second heating jacket around said passage beyond the first jacket, a source of heat, a flue for conducting heat from said source to the second jacket, and a flue for conducting the surplus heat from the second jacket to the first jacket.

33. An apparatus for the m'anufacturqof varnish, comprising a cooking vessel constructed and arranged toprovide an elon-',

gated tortuous passage therethrough, means for introducing melted resin together "with a neutralizing agentinto one end of said passage, means for introducing a drying oil at a point further advanced in said passage, aheatin jacket around the portion of said passage etween the points of introduction of the resin and the oil, a second heating jacket around said passage beyond the first jacket, a source of heat, a flue for conducting heat from said source to the second jacket, means for regulating the supply of heat to the second jacket, and a flue for conducting surplus heat from the second jacket to the first jacket.

I 34. An apparatus for the manufacture ofv varnish comprising a cooking vessel constructed and arrangedto provide an elongated assage therethrough, means for introducing melted resin together with a neutralizing. agent into one end of said passage, means for introducing a drying oil at a point further advanced in said passage, a heating jacket surrounding a portion of said passage, a heater, a conduit for supplying fuel to the heater, a flue for conducting heat from the heater to the heating jacket, a valve in the fuel conduit, a thermostat projecting into the cooking passage and con nected toregulate said valve to control the flow of fuel to the heater and thus to vary the supply of heat to the heating jacket.

35. An apparatus for the manufacture of varnish, comprising a cooking vessel constructed and arranged toprovl'de an elongated tortuous passage therethrough, means for introducing melted resin together with a neutralizing agent into one end of said passage, means for introducing a drying oil at a point further advanced in said passage, a heating jacket around the portion of said passage between the points of introduction of the resin and the oil, a second heating jacket around said passage beyond the first jacket, a source of heat, a flue for conducting heat from'said source to the second jacket, means for regulating the supply of heat to i the second jacket, a flue for conducting surplus heat from the second jacket to the first jacket, an auxiliary flue leading directly from the source of heat to the first jacket, an exhaust flue leading from the first jacket, a by-pass from the auxiliary flue to the exhaust flue, and means for controlling the.

passage of heat through theby-pass to regulate the amount delivered by the auxiliary flue to the second heating jacket.

36. An apparatus for the manufacture of varnish, comprising a cooking vessel constructed and arranged to provide an elongated tortuous passage therethrough, means for introducing melted resin together with a neutralizing agent into one end of said passage,,means for introducing a drying oil at a point further advanced in said passage, a heating jacket around the portion of said passage between the points of introduction of the resin and the oil, the second heating jacket around said passage beyond the first jacket, a source of heat, a flue for conducting heat from said source to the second jacket, means for regulating the supply of heat to the second jacket, a flue for conducting surplus heat from the second jacket to the first jacket, an auxiliary flue leading directly from the source of heat to the first jacket, an exhaust flue leading from the first jacket, a by-pass from the auxiliary flue to the exhaust flue, a valve in said by-pass, and a thermostat projecting into a portion of the cooking passage heated by the first jacket and connected to regulate said valve to control the supply of heat delivered by the auxiliary flue to the first jacket.

In testimony whereof I have aflixed my signature.

, ALEXANDER MURRAY. 

